The Electrostatic Discharge (Electrostatic discharge, ESD) test is used to assess the ability of electronic and electrical equipment to resist static electricity interference and ensure that it can operate normally in a real environment. The following are the commonly used ESD testing standards and methods in various industries:

1. General ESD test standards:

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards:

- IEC 61000-4-2 (most widely used)

- Test levels: Contact discharge (4kV to 8kV), air Discharge (8kV to 15kV)

- Applicable objects: Consumer electronics, industrial equipment, medical equipment, etc

- Test methods: Direct discharge (contact/air) and indirect discharge (horizontal coupling plate HCP/ vertical coupling plate VCP)

American National Standard (ANSI)

- ANSI/ESD S20.20

- Mainly targeting electrostatic protection systems (EPA, electrostatic protection zones)

It is applicable to the electronic manufacturing and semiconductor industries

Automotive electronics standards

- ISO 10605 (ESD Testing for Automotive Electronics)

- Test grade: ±2kV to ±25kV (Air discharge)

- Test subjects: Vehicle-mounted electronic devices (ECUs, sensors, etc.)

Military equipment standards

-MIL-STD-883H Method 3015 (ESD Testing for High-reliability Electronic Components)

-MIL-STD-461G CS118 (Electrostatic immunity for Military Equipment)

2. Industry-specific ESD standards:

Consumer Electronics & Information Technology Equipment (ITE)

-EN 61000-4-2 (equivalent to IEC 61000-4-2, EU CE certification)

- GB/T 17626.2 (Chinese National Standard, equivalent to IEC 61000-4-2)

Medical equipment

- IEC 60601-1-2 (EMC Requirements for Medical Electrical Equipment, including ESD Testing)

Semiconductors & Electronic Components

- JEDEC JS-001 (ESD test Standard for IC chips, HBM/CDM model)

-AEC-Q100 (Reliability Test for Automotive Electronic Components, including ESD Requirements)

4. Testing equipment:

- ESD Simulator (Electrostatic gun)

Static electricity test bench (insulated table, grounding reference plane)

Horizontal/vertical coupling plate (HCP/VCP) (indirect discharge test)

ESD monitor (for electrostatic protection monitoring on production lines)

5. Test grade (IEC 61000-4-2: