RoHS Certification
Details
RoHS
RoHS is a mandatory standard established by the legislation of the European Union. Its full name is the "Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive". This standard has been officially implemented since July 1, 2006, and is mainly used to regulate the material and process standards of electronic and electrical products, making them more conducive to human health and environmental protection. The purpose of this standard is to eliminate six substances, namely lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Note: The correct Chinese name for PBDE is polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polybrominated biphenyl ethers is an incorrect term), in electrical and electronic products, and it particularly stipulates that the content of lead should not exceed 0.1%.
| Chinese Name | Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Components in Electrical and Electronic Equipment | Implementing agency | European Union |
| Foreign name | Restriction of Hazardous Substances | Legal effect | Established mandatory standards |
| Implementation time | 2006年7月1日 | Constraint object | Material and process standards for electronic and electrical products |
| The latest instruction number | 2011/65/EU |
New European Directive
(ROHS Directive)2011/65/EU
The European RoHS 2011/65/EU requires six items to be tested, and the directive comes into effect as the RoHS Directive.
The RoHS testing items include lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
Regarding items such as DIBP, BBP,DBP, and DEHP, this directive only mentions that priority will be given to assessing whether they are subject to control in the future, and does not mandate manufacturers to conduct tests.
Instruction
The European Parliament and the European Commission published the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive for short) and the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (RoHS Directive for short) in their Official Journal on February 13, 2003.
The RoHS Directive and the WEEE Directive stipulate that 102 types of products in ten major categories are subject to hazardous substance restriction management and waste recycling management. The first seven types of products are all major electrical products exported from China. This includes large household appliances, small household appliances, information and communication equipment, consumer products, lighting equipment, electrical and electronic tools, toys, leisure and sports equipment, medical equipment (excluding implanted or infected products), monitoring and control instruments, and vending machines.
On December 3, 2008, the European Union issued proposals to revise the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) and the RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC). The purpose of this proposal is to create a better regulatory environment, that is, regulations that are simple, understandable, effective and enforceable. The main contents of the revision of the RoHS Directive are:
1. The legal terms have been changed to clarify the scope and definition of the instructions;
2. Introduce the CE marking and EC declaration of conformity for the product;
3. Gradually incorporate medical devices, control and monitoring instruments into the scope of the RoHS Directive;
The six restricted hazardous substances remain unchanged, but four substances - diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), 2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) - are required for priority assessment to determine whether they will be included in the restricted substances category in the future
RoHS scope
Only for new products launched on the market from July 1, 2006.
Including household incandescent lamps and light sources.
It should not violate the specific directives or regulations regarding safety and health requirements - Vehicle ELV, Vehicle Directive; Battery Directives, 91/157/EEC,93/86/EEC&98/101/EC
Excluding: Medical devices or monitoring equipment (WEEE Directive Categories 8 and 9); Maintenance spare parts placed on the market before July 1, 2006; Recycled products that were originally put on the market before July 1, 2006.
Restricted toxic substances
· Heavy metals:
-lead;
-Mercury
-Cadmium;
-Chromium (VI) hexavalent Chromium.
· Some brominated flame retardants:
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB’s);
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE’s).
The maximum limit index is:
·Cadmium：0.01%（100ppm);
Lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers：0.1% (1000ppm).
Six types of harmful substances
RoHS applies to all electrical and electronic products that may contain the above six hazardous substances in the production process and raw materials, mainly including: White goods, such as refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, water heaters, etc., and black goods, such as audio and video products, DVD, CD, TV receivers, IT products, digital products, communication products, etc. Electric tools, electric and electronic toys, medical electrical equipment.
Examples of lead (Pb) using this substance: solder, glass, PVC stabilizer
2. Mercury (Hg) Examples of the use of this substance: thermostats, sensors, switches and relays, light bulbs
3. Cadmium (Cd) Examples of the use of this substance: switches, springs, connectors, housings and PCBS, contacts, batteries
4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Examples of using this substance: metal anti-corrosion coatings
5. Examples of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBS) using this substance: flame retardants, PCBS, connectors, plastic casings
6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Examples of the use of this substance: flame retardants, PCBS, connectors, plastic casings
According to the requirements of the EU WEEE&RoHS directives, qualified third-party testing institutions in China disassemble products based on their materials and conduct separate tests for harmful substances in different materials. Generally speaking: Four harmful metal elements such as (Cd - cadmium /Pb - lead /Hg - mercury /Cr6+ hexavalent chromium) need to be tested for metal materials. In addition to checking these four harmful heavy metal elements, plastic materials also need to test brominated flame retardants (polybrominated biphenyls PBB/ polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE). At the same time, tests for heavy metals in packaging materials of different materials should also be conducted separately (94/62/EEC). The following are the upper limit concentrations of six harmful substances stipulated in RoHS: Cadmium: Less than 100ppm Lead: Less than 1000ppm Less than 3500ppm in steel alloys Less than 4000ppm in aluminum alloy Less than 40,000 PPM in copper alloys Mercury: Less than 1000ppm Hexavalent chromium: less than 1000ppm The 27 member states of the European Union: The United Kingdom (which left the European Union in 2016), France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Cyprus, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania. The scope of the RoHS Directive covers electronic and electrical products listed in the catalogue with AC1000V and DC1500V or less. Large household appliances: refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, etc 2. Small household appliances: vacuum cleaners, irons, hair dryers, ovens, clocks, etc 3. IT and communication equipment: computers, fax machines, telephones, mobile phones, etc 4. Civilian devices: radios, televisions, video recorders, Musical Instruments, etc 5. Lighting fixtures: Fluorescent lamps and other lighting control devices except for household lighting 6. Electric tools: electric drills, lathes, welders, sprayers, etc 7. Toys/entertainment and sports equipment: electric vehicles, video game consoles, automatic gambling machines, etc 8. Medical devices: radiotherapy instruments, electrocardiogram testers, analytical instruments, etc 9. Monitoring/control devices: smoke detectors, incubators, factory monitoring and control machines, etc 10. Vending machine It not only includes complete machine products, but also the components, raw materials and packaging used in the production of complete machines, which is related to the entire production chain. The committee plans that the recasting directive is part of an overall commitment to a better regulatory environment. The reform involves the improvement of implementation, law enforcement and consistency. The RoHS Directive also needs to be reviewed, especially when it comes to medical devices and monitoring and control instruments included within its scope, and it restricts the adaptation of the list of substances. In the first year of experience and implementation, extensive stakeholder consultations were conducted, revealing the difficulties in determining whether certain products fall within the scope, too many non-compliant products, and differences among member states, such as issues related to implementation, product conformity assessment, and the methods for conducting market supervision. There is also a potential relationship between the chaotic RoHS and new policies and legislation covering chemicals, such as increasing the risk of insufficient or inefficient enforcement of directives. Progress of RoHS Some large companies have taken notice of RoHS and begun to take countermeasures. For instance, SONY's digital cameras have already declared on their packaging boxes that the product uses lead-free soldering. It is printed with lead-free ink. In 2004, the Ministry of Information Industry also issued the "Administrative Measures for Pollution Prevention and Control of Electronic Information Products", which is similar in content to RoHS. In October, it established the "Working Group on Pollution Prevention and Control Standards for Electronic Information Products" to study and establish a pollution prevention and control standard system for electronic information products that suits China's national conditions. Carry out research and revision of standards related to the prevention and control of pollution from electronic information products, especially accelerate the formulation of basic standards urgently needed by the industry, such as materials, processes, technical terms, testing methods and experimental methods. On July 1, 2011, the European Union published the new RoHS Directive - Directive 2011/65/EU - in the Official Journal (OJ). As a directive that is very familiar to Chinese electronic and electrical product manufacturing enterprises, its issuance process has been full of twists and turns. Due to significant differences among all parties during the revision process, this amendment, which was originally intended to be released in 2009, has been repeatedly postponed. In particular, there has been intense debate within the European Union, including among the Commission, the European Parliament, the Council, the industry, and ngos, on whether to expand the range of products and restricted substances. The main differences between 2011/65/EU and the original RoHS Directive 2002/95/EU lie in: The product range has been expanded: all electronic and electrical products are now covered under the regulation of the directive (including cables and spare parts), but a certain transition period has been granted for the newly added Class 8 medical devices and Class 9 monitoring and control instruments (including industrial monitoring instruments). In addition, 20 exemptions have been provided for these two types of products (listed in Annex IV). 2. Some definitions have been clarified 3. The scope of controlled substances has not been expanded and still maintains the original limit requirements for the six substances. However, it is proposed that in the future review process, substances including DEHP should be given priority for examination, paving the way for the future expansion of the scope of controlled substances under the directive 4. The producer regulation has been deleted. The definitions of "manufacturer", "authorised representative", "importer" and "distributor" have been added, and their responsibilities have been clearly defined 5. It stipulates that products must be affixed with the CE marking and related matters concerning the CE marking. This directive shall come into effect on the 20th day of its promulgation on the OJ. Member states are required to convert it into their national laws by January 2, 2013. The release of 2011/65/EU will have a certain impact on China's electronic and electrical product manufacturing enterprises, especially as medical device products and monitoring and control instrument products are included in the regulatory scope. Therefore, the impact on these two types of manufacturing enterprises will be very huge In addition, as the CE marking needs to be affixed to electronic and electrical products, it will also be a huge challenge for the industry to comply with the requirements of the directive. On November 30, 2011, the European Commission announced that it had begun working on the results of the impact assessment study of the 2011/65/EU Directive (RoHS 2.0 Directive). The European Commission plans to study the expansion of the scope of the RoHS 2.0 Directive to include products and product categories that were previously excluded from the RoHS 1.0 Directive, and accordingly put forward new proposals. According to new research, the range of products included in Annex 1.0 of the new directive will be expanded, and it may be further expanded through future research and public consultation. However, in the draft product range released by the committee so far, products that require great attention from exporters have already been included. Category 1: Large household appliances. Including new product categories "Gas Grill", "Gas Oven" and "Gas heater". Category 4: Electronic consumer goods. This includes new product categories such as "furniture with electrical functions", for example, "height-adjustable reclining beds" and "height-adjustable lounge chairs". Category 7: Toys, leisure and sports equipment. This includes the new product category "Toys with smaller electrical functions", such as "Talking Teddy bears" and "Glowing shoes". Category 11: Other electronic and electrical equipment. In addition to "power switches" and "electric suitcases", new product categories such as "Clothing with electrical functions" are included, for example, "heated clothing" and "Life jackets that glow in Water". The impact assessment study also includes an analysis of how to make the concentration limit regulations for hazardous substances in compliance with the RoHS Directive more feasible. There has been concern that the threshold for limiting the content of substances is overly strict, especially when applied to coatings and very small components. As part of this study, the committee is seeking the opinions of stakeholders, including the costs of complying with directives, such as the expenses of changing product designs, as well as data that can help assess the benefits of reducing the concentration of harmful substances in products. The consultation period will last until April 2012. The committee will release the final report (including the revised impact assessment) before July 6, 2012. According to the latest data from the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association, in the first quarter of 2004, the export of mechanical and electrical products accounted for 55% of China's total exports. The European Union has become the main market for China's mechanical and electrical product exports. Due to the backwardness of environmental protection concepts and technological levels of Chinese manufacturers, the RoHS Directive has placed nearly 27 billion US dollars worth of Chinese mechanical and electrical products facing environmental protection barriers in the European Union. The Chinese government has been closely monitoring and studying countermeasures. The State Council has specifically instructed the Ministry of Information Industry to be responsible for the research and response to the EU's environmental protection directives. The "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Electronic Information Products" formulated by the Ministry of Information Industry in accordance with relevant regulations such as the "Clean Production Promotion Law" and the "Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes" has been completed and came into effect on January 1, 2005. The "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Electronic Information Products" stipulates that as of July 1, 2006, electronic information products listed in the key prevention and control catalogue of pollution from electronic information products shall not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl ethers, polybrominated biphenyls and other toxic and harmful substances. For the period before July 1, 2006, the Chinese government required manufacturers of electronic information products to implement measures to reduce the production of toxic and harmful substances and actively seek alternatives. Meanwhile, an institution named "Working Group on Pollution Prevention and Control Standards for Electronic Information Products" has also begun preparations for its establishment. The main task of this institution is to study and establish pollution prevention and control standards for electronic information products that are in line with China's national conditions, and to carry out research and formulation of standards related to pollution prevention and control of electronic information products. In particular, efforts should be accelerated to formulate the basic standards for urgently needed materials, processes, testing methods and experimental methods. Legal basis Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China, State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China The "Administrative Measures for Pollution Control of Electronic Information Products" (No. 39) signed by the State Environmental Protection Administration of the People's Republic of China (Management Methods for Controlling Pollution by Electronic Information Products/Ministry of Information Industry Order #39) Scope of application This measure shall apply to the control and reduction of environmental pollution and other public nuisances caused by electronic information products during their production, sale and import within the territory of the People's Republic of China. However, the production of export products is excluded. Electronic information products shall comply with the national or industry standards for the control of toxic and harmful substances or elements in electronic information products during the design, production and sales processes, and be implemented in two phases: The first stage Electronic information products placed on the market should be marked with the environmental protection usage period, as well as the names, contents, components where they are located and whether they can be recycled of toxic or harmful substances or elements contained therein. The name of the packaging material should be marked on the packaging of electronic information products. It can be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the standards SJ/T 11363-2006, SJ/T 11364-2006, SJ/T 11365-2006 and GB/T 26125-2011. The second stage Products included in the key management directory (the first three categories announced in 2010: mobile user terminals, telephones, and printing devices connected to computers) must ensure that toxic and harmful substances in the products have been replaced or the content does not exceed the limit standards and have passed the compulsory product certification (CCC certification). The EU RoHS system differs from the Chinese RoHS system in specific implementation: The EU approach is to first legislate to prohibit electronic products from containing six harmful substances, then list a series of temporarily excessive types, and remove them from this directory when the technical conditions are ripe in the future. In China, it is the opposite: once the technical conditions of a certain product are mature, it is placed in the catalogue. Products within the catalogue cannot exceed the standard. The third stage The voluntary RoHS certification promoted by the state refers to the certification activity where enterprises voluntarily apply and have their relevant electronic information products proven by certification bodies to comply with relevant pollution control standards and technical specifications. It is promoted and uniformly regulated by the state. After obtaining the certification, the certified products can be affixed with the nationally promoted RoHS certification mark C-RoHS (ABCDE represents the abbreviation of the certification body), as shown in the following figure. Lead in the solder used for fine copper wires with a diameter of 100 microns or less in power transformers 34. Lead in cermet-based trimmer potentiometer elements. Lead in a metal-ceramic fine-tuning potentiometer On June 5th, the European Union published 2009/428/EC, removing point 22 of the original exemption, "Lead as an impurity in rare earth iron garnet Faraday rotators for optical fiber communication systems," from the exemption list as of January 1, 2011. 1. Anion: Ion chromatography method by Yinglan Technology After pretreatment with oxygen bomb combustion and indigo technology, it directly enters the ion chromatography for analysis 2. Cations and Their valence states: It can be detected by Anglo-blue cation chromatography, ion-selective electrode method and atomic absorption method The valence state of cationic elements can be determined by analysis using voltammetric polarography The pronunciation of Rohs. The detection method can refer to the determination procedures for the concentrations of six restricted substances in electronic and electrical products as stipulated in IEC62321:2008 A. Firstly, XRF is used for non-destructive screening, which is fast, efficient, non-destructive and low-cost. However, there are many interfering factors and the error is relatively large. B. After microwave digestion and acid digestion, the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg were determined by AAS or ICP-AES. C. The concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, etc. were determined by GC-MS after Soxhlet extraction. D. The concentration of Cr6+ on the colorless surface can be determined by the spot test method or boiling water extraction method, or by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in accordance with EPA3060A..
RoHS ExemptionsEU RoHS
Items Exemption Clauses
1 Mercury in compact fluorescent lamps not exceeding 5 mg per lamp
2 Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for general purposes not exceeding:
- halophosphate 10 mg
- triphosphate with normal lifetime 5 mg
- triphosphate with long lifetime 8 mg.
3 Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for special purposes.
4 Mercury in other lamps not specifically mentioned in this Annex.
5 Lead in glass of cathode ray tubes, electronic components and fluorescent tubes.
6 Lead as an alloying element in steel containing up to 0.35% lead by weight, aluminium containing up to 0.4% lead by weight and as a copper alloy containing up to 4% lead by weight.
7 - lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. lead-based alloys containing 85 % by weight or more lead)
- lead in solders for servers, storage and storage array systems, network infrastructure equipment for switching, signalling, transmission as well as network management for telecommunications
- lead in electronic ceramic parts (e.g. piezoelectronic devices).
8 Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts and cadmium plating except for applications banned under Directive 91/338/EEC (1) amending Directive 76/769/EEC (2) relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations
9 Hexavalent chromium as an anti-corrosion of the carbon steel cooling system in absorption refrigerators.
10 Lead used in compliant pin connector systems
11 Lead as a coating material for the thermal conduction module c-ring
12 Lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass
13 Lead in solders consisting of more than two elements for the connection between the pins and the package of microprocessors with a lead content of more than 80% and less than 85% by weight
14 Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit Flip Chip packages
15 DecaBDE in polymeric applications
16 Lead in lead-bronze bearing shells and bulbs
17 Lead in linear incandescent lamps with silicate coated tubes
18 Lead halide as radiant agent in High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps used for professional reprography applications
19 Lead as activator in the fluorescent powder (1% lead by weight or less) of discharge lamps when used as sun tanning lamps containing phosphors such as BSP (BaSi2O5:Pb) as well as when used as specially lamps for diazo-printing reprography, lithography, insect traps, photochemical and curing processes containing phosphors such as SMS ((Sr,Ba)2MgSi2O7:Pb)
20 Lead with PbBiSn-Hg and PbInSn-Hg in specific compositions as main amalgam and with PbSn-Hg as auxiliary amalgam in very compact Energy Saving Lamps (ESL)
21 Lead oxide in glass used for bonding front and rear substrates of flat fluorescent lamps used for Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
22 Lead and cadmium in printing inks for the application of enamels on borosilicate glass.
23 Lead as impurity in RIG (rare earth iron gamet) Faraday rotators used for fibre optic communication systems.
24 Lead in finishes of fine pitch components other than connectors with a pitch of 0.65mm or less with NiFe lead frames and lead in finishes of fine pitch components other than connectors with a pitch of 0.65mm or less with coppler lead frames.
25 Lead in solders for the soldering to machined through hole discoidal and planar array ceramic multilayer capacitors.
26 Lead oxide in plasma display panels (PDP) and surface conduction electron emitter displays (SED) used in structural elements, notably in the front and rare glass dielectric layer, the bus electrode, the black stripe, the address electrode, the barrier ribs, the seal frit and frit ring as well as in print pastes.
27 Lead oxide in the glass envelope of Black Light Blue (BLB) lamps.
28 Lead alloys as solder for transducers used in high-powered (designated to operate for several hours at acoustic power levels of 125 dB SPL and above) loudspeakers.
29 Hexavalent chromium in corrosion preventive coatings of unpainted metal sheetings and fasterners used for corrosion protection and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in equipment falling under category three of Directive 2002/96/EC (IT and telecommunications equipment). Exemption granted until 1 July 2007.
30Lead bound in crystal glass as defined in Annex I (Category 1,2,3 and 4) of Council Directive 69/493/EEC
33. Lead insolders for the soldering of thin copper wires of 100 μm diameter andless in power transformers.
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