Lightning Surge Immunity test
Details
Lightning Surge Immunity is used to evaluate the anti-interference ability of electronic and electrical equipment against transient overvoltages (surges) caused by lightning induction or switching operations in power systems. The following is the globally recognized lightning strike testing standard system and its implementation methods:
1. Core international standards:
IEC/EN 61000-4-5 (Basic Standard)
- Test waveform:
- Combined wave (1.2/50μs voltage wave + 8/20μs current wave)
-10/700 μs wave (for communication lines)
- Test level:
| Grade | Line-ground (kV) | Line-to-line (kV) | Applicable scenarios |
| 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | Protected Environment (Data center) |
| 2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | General industrial environment |
| 3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | Outdoor equipment (PV inverter) |
| 4 | 4.0 | 2.0 | Harsh environment (power substation) |
- Test ports: Power port, signal port, ground port
IEC 61643 Series (SPD Standard for Surge Protectors) :
IEC 61643-11: Performance Requirements for Low-voltage SPDS
IEC 61643-21: SPD for Telecommunication Networks
2. Industry-specific standards:
Automotive electronics
- ISO 7637-2:
Transient pulses (5a/5b waveforms) of simulated vehicle power lines
- Test level: ±100V to ±600V
Aerospace
-DO-160 Section 22:
Direct lightning strikes (waveforms A/B/C/D) and indirect induced lightning strikes
- Peak current: Up to 200kA (direct lightning strike)
Electric power equipment
- IEEE C62.41:
- Define the surge environment of the power system (Location A/B/C)
- Supporting test method: IEEE C62.45
Photovoltaic system
- IEC 61730-2:
- Requirements for lightning strike testing of photovoltaic modules
It needs to pass the ±4kV surge test
3. Test equipment and configuration
- Key equipment:
- Combined wave generator (satisfying 1.2/50μs + 8/20μs)
- Coupled Decoupling Network (CDN
-10/700 μs communication surge generator
4. Test Procedure (taking IEC 61000-4-5 as an example) :
1). Polarity selection: Apply pressure 5 times each for positive and negative polarity (with an interval of 1 minute)
2) Phase synchronization: Inject the AC power supply at phase angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°
3). Coupling mode:
- Power port: Coupled via CDN
- Signal port: Capacitive coupling (typical value of 18μF)
4). Functional criteria:
-Class A: No performance degradation
-Class B: Self-recovering temporary invalidation
-Class C: Manual reset is required
5. Global Certification differences
- European Union (CE) : Mandatory reference to EN 61000-4-5
- China (GB) : GB/T 17626.5 is equivalent to IEC 61000-4-5
- North America: The ANSI/IEEE C62 series pays more attention to power systems
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