PAHS Certification
Details
PAHs Certification
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs）It refers to a class of organic compounds containing two or more benzenes. It includes more than 150 compounds such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene. The full English name is polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons, abbreviated as PAHs.
| Chinese Name | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;" | Foreign name | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| Jane According to | PAHs [1] |
Introduction
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)It refers to a class of organic compounds containing two or more benzenes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or moreBenzene ringIt contains over 150 kinds of hydrocarbons, including naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and so on. The full English name is polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons, abbreviated as PAHs. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons also contain nitrogen, sulfur andCyclopentane, a common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has carcinogenic effects. Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are four to six rings Polycyclic compound。International Cancer Research Center（IARC）The 94 compounds listed in 1976 that are carcinogenic to experimental animals. Among them, 15 belong to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As benzo (a) pyrene was the first environmental chemical carcinogen discovered and has a strong carcinogenicity, it is often usedBenzo (a) pyrene , as a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, accounts for 1% to 20% of all carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Ingredients
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons < / a > (< a data - lemmaid = "3049484" href = "https://baike.baidu.com/item/PAHs/3049484" target = "_blank" > PAHs < / a >) to 18 kinds of compounds. Except for 1-methylannyl and 2-methylannyl. The 16 common similar substances of PAHs that have been identified mainly include: 16 similar substances 1) Naphthalene 萘
2) Acenaphthylene苊烯
3) Acenaphthene
4) Fluorene
5) Phenanthrene
6) Anthracene
7) Fluoranthene (fluoranthene
8) Pyrene
9) Benzo(a)anthracene
10) Chrysene qu
11) Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(b)fluoranthene
12) Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene
13) Benzo(a)pyrene
14) Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (1,2, 3-CD)pyrene
15) Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (a,n) anthracene
16) Benzo(g,hi)perylene (ghi) north (dinaphthalene-embedded benzene)
The main source of PAHs
There are two types of pollution sources for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) : natural sources and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources mainly refer to pollution formed by natural factors such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires and biosynthesis. Anthropogenic sources include various mineral fuels (such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc.), wood, paper, and other toxic substance pollution formed by incomplete combustion or pyrolysis in a reducing state of hydrocarbons.
In addition, food also contains a certain amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The main source is that during the processing of food, especially during smoking, roasting or charring, the oil dripped onto the surface can also thermally polymerize to produce benzo (a) pyrene. Some people believe that this is the main source of benzo [a] pyrene in roasted food. During storage, the window or packaging paper may contain impure oil. The oil extracted by the solvent contains a certain amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The grains dried on Libiao Road were contaminated by asphalt. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, water and soil and other environments can contaminate grains, fruits and vegetables.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found in petrochemical products such as crude oil, wood tar, tar, dyes, plastics, rubber, lubricating oil, anti-rust oil, release agents, gasoline anti-freezing agents, capacitor electrolytes, mineral oil, and asphalt. They are also present in daily chemical products like pesticides, charcoal, fungicides, and mosquito coils.
In the electronics and electrical manufacturing industry, PAHs are usually introduced into the production process as plastic additives. For instance, when plastic particles are extruded and there is adhesion between them and the mold, a mold release agent needs to be added, and the mold release agent may contain PAHs.
Certification
The detection range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is as follows:
● Consumer products such as electronics and motors
Rubber products, plastic products, automotive plastics, rubber parts
● Food packaging materials, toys, container materials, etc
● Other materials, etc
The hazards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to human beings, animals and plants
The main harmful sites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the human body are the respiratory tract and skin. Long-term exposure to an environment polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can cause acute or chronic injuries to people. Common symptoms include solar dermatitis, acne-prone dermatitis, folliculitis and verrucous growts, etc.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fall on plant leaves. It will block the breathing holes of the leaves, causing them to discolor, shrink, curl and eventually fall off, which will affect the normal growth and fruiting of the plant. For example, the leaves of soybeans contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons turn red. The fruit pods are very small or do not form grains when they fall off the plants.
The carcinogenic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on animals has long been confirmed by experiments. Animal experiments have proved that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have systemic reactions in mice. If exposed to sunlight at the same time, it can accelerate the death of mice. When the mass concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was 0.01mg/L, there were significant changes in the conditioned reflex activities of mice.
PAHS certification regulations
So far, the laws or decrees established by various countries and regions in writing include: EU 76/769/EEC; German: GS certification, LFGB; U.S. US: EPA; China: GB, GB/T, GHZ
According to the decision of the German Technical Equipment and Consumer Products Board (ATAV), for products that have undergone GS certification after April 1, 2008, it is necessary to test the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of concern to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to ensure compliance with relevant requirements. As for products that have already obtained certification before April 1, 2008, Then, a risk analysis for PAH must be conducted within one year. Products that fail to comply with the relevant regulations of PAH will have their certification revoked.
The limit value of PAHs
After discussions between ALDI Sud and ALDI Nord in Germany, the limits of PAHs have been initially determined as follows:
A: For general consumer goods that have been in contact for more than 30 seconds (such as handles, steering wheels, etc.) : Benzo (a) pyrene <1mg/kg, the total of 16 PAHs <10mg/kg. For plastics that have been in contact for less than 30 seconds and parts that have occasional sexual contact: benzo (a) pyrene <20mg/kg, the total of 16 PAHs <200mg/kg
B: Food, food contact, products that may be put in the mouth, and children's products: benzo (a) pyrene <0.1mg/kg, the total of 16 PAHs <1mg/kg
C: Other products: Benzo (a) pyrene <1mg/kg, the total of 16 PAHs <10mg/kg
D: GS certification mandatory testing PAHs- Polycyclic Aromatic Diameter standard
Source description The AtAV Committee of the Central Experience Exchange Office (ZEK) of the German Safety Technology Certification Center (ZLS) passed the decision on November 20, 2007 (see Document No. ZEK 01-08 announced on the ZLS official website). It is required that PAHs testing be mandatory in GS mark certification. This regulation came into effect on April 1, 2008. From the effective date, products that fail to pass the PAHs test will not be able to obtain the GS certification mark and enter Germany smoothly. The latest ZEK01.4-08 document requires the detection of the total of 18 PAHs indicators.
According to the requirements of the new regulations, the limits of PAHs in the materials of consumer products must comply with the following table:
Category 1: Materials in contact with food or items and toys that children under three years old may put in their mouths. BaP: No detection of * (< 0.2mg /kg). Total of 16 PAHs: no detection of * (< 0.2mg /kg)
Category Two: Plastic parts that frequently come into contact with the skin, parts with contact time exceeding 30 seconds, and unregulated toys in Category one. BaP: 1 mg/kg, total of 18 PAHs: 10 mg/kg
Category 3: Plastic parts that come into occasional sexual contact, that is, parts that come into contact with the skin for less than 30 seconds, or parts that do not come into contact with the skin. BaP: 20mg/kg, total of 18 PAHs 200 mg/kg. If the test result is greater than Class I but meets the limit of Class II, another test should be conducted in accordance with DIN EN1186 and 64 LFBG80.30-1 migration test to confirm the test result.
18 kinds of PAHS substances
PAHs Sum 18 PAHs 10mg/kg 200mg/kg Benzo(a)pyrene 1mg/kg 20mg/kg Preventive and control measures Preventive PAHs Measures Fuel must be fully combusted to reduce the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Enhance ventilation and air exchange indoors to reduce the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
The productive inorganic powder method mainly causes systemic diseases mainly characterized by pulmonary tissue fibrosis, such as pneumoconiosis and dust deposition syndrome. Organic dust can cause bronchial asthma, cotton dust syndrome, occupational allergic pneumonia, nonspecific chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. Some dusts, such as metal dust (nickel, chromium, arsenic) and asbestos, can cause lung tumors.
Dust acts on the respiratory tract mucosa, initially presenting as hyperfunction symptoms such as dilation of capillaries and excessive secretion of mucus, which is a protective response. Subsequently, hypertrophic changes occur, and eventually atrophic changes may develop due to nutritional deficiency. Frequent exposure to dust can also cause diseases in organs such as the skin, ears and eyes. Toxic dust from lead, arsenic and manganese can be absorbed through the bronchi and alveolar walls, causing poisoning symptoms.
For productive dust accumulation, ensure the regularity of dust prevention work from an organizational system perspective. Take technological innovation measures for clean production; Strengthen personal protection, undergo pre-employment physical examinations and regular physical examinations; Establish hygiene standards for dust.
Improve the energy structure, develop hydropower to replace power generation, and study new energy sources. Adopt and develop smoke and dust removal technologies; Adopt regional collective heating measures to reduce the pollution of particulate matter in the air. What are the main components of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons? The main eighteen compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are: Naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo (a) anthracene, thracene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenzo (a,h) anthracene and benzo (g,h,i) perylene, 1-methylene, 2-methylene.
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